Detailed treatment of breast cancer surgery

Surgery is the only possible way to cure breast cancer, so surgery for early breast cancer is the preferred treatment. Surgical methods of breast cancer after a long evolution, in the past that the surgery has done the greater the removal of the more complete the better. But in recent years this view has changed, and advocates to ensure complete removal of as much as possible on the basis of reduced surgical trauma.

Surgery is the only possible way to cure breast cancer, so surgery for early breast cancer is the preferred treatment. Surgical methods of breast cancer after a long evolution, in the past that the surgery has done the greater the removal of the more complete the better. But in recent years this view has changed, and advocates to ensure complete removal of as much as possible on the basis of reduced surgical trauma.

The commonly used method for breast cancer surgery are the following: they are radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery.

(A) of the radical mastectomy

Is breast lesions, axillary lymph nodes and some muscle chest wall resection, the trauma of such a large operation, postoperative right upper limb function would be affected. So when cancer cells invade the chest wall muscles to carry out such operations.

(B) of the modified radical mastectomy

Such surgery is the breast and some axillary lymph nodes removed, without removal of the chest wall muscles. Because the muscles of the chest wall was intact, the chest wall and arm muscles body are affected, can quickly recover. This is the most commonly used for standard breast cancer surgery. Limited to the situation of our country, now is the modified radical mastectomy is still the main method of surgical treatment of breast cancer, according to incomplete statistics, about 95% of all surgical procedures.

(C) breast-conserving surgery

Also known as "breast-conserving surgery", the so-called breast conservation is to retain the basic shape of the breast, only the removal of some lesions. These include: quadrant resection, segment resection, local excision, combined with axillary lymph node dissection; postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy combined therapy. Studies show that breast-conserving surgery plus radiation therapy with radical mastectomy over the same period in patients with similar effect.

Study found that over the same period of breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy survival and recurrence rates after surgery there was no significant difference. Typically, the line of breast-conserving surgery patients need radiation therapy every day for 5 to 6 weeks.

But not every patient is suitable for breast-conserving surgery, only lesions in the early, smaller tumor size to use of such surgery. The doctor will consider different factors, for patients to choose the appropriate surgical approach.

Because breast-conserving surgery in patients considered not only the survival rate and relapse rate, but also take into account the upper limb function after surgery, and physical beauty. Therefore, it is conserving surgery in early breast cancer has become the first choice for Europe and the United States surgical procedures, but because of early diagnosis of breast cancer and postoperative radiotherapy and so there is still a wide gap between Europe and the United States, only a few of the surgical conditions in Hospital, but will become the future direction of our development.

(D) of axillary lymph node dissection

Doctors removed the breast in the same time, removal of part of axillary lymph nodes. These lymph nodes embedded in the fat tissue is difficult to see with the naked eye, so surgeons will be part of the fat tissue removed along with the lymph node down, the doctor will remove Pathology of lymph nodes and fat tissue down under a microscope for pathological examination, in order to understand its presence within the cancer cells. This method can help doctors determine whether cancer metastasis to the lymph nodes, and the need for chemotherapy and endocrine therapy.

After axillary lymph node dissection, patients will appear side axillary exudate, the exudate to axillary swelling, which is known as "lymph node swelling." "Lymph node swelling," sometimes affect the function of the patients affected limb. So after physical exercise should be actively pursued to promote blood circulation and lymphatic flow upper limb to reduce swelling, early return to normal function.

(E) the sentinel lymph node biopsy

Many breast cancer patients axillary lymph node is negative, if for the purposes of these patients axillary lymph node dissection is not only no benefit, but also the pain suffered in vain. Lymph node metastasis of breast cancer is to follow a certain anatomical laws. We must pass through tumor metastasis are the first lymph node called the sentinel lymph node. Theoretically, sentinel lymph node negative breast cancer is the axillary lymph nodes should also be negative.

Therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy, can predict the need for axillary lymph node dissection. Currently use more dye injected near the tumor and sentinel lymph node as a tracer isotope to show sentinel lymph node. If the sentinel lymph node biopsy found no cancer cells can avoid axillary lymph node dissection.

(Vi) breast reconstruction

Considerations from the physical improvements, some women will require breast reconstruction surgery (cosmetic surgery), usually during surgery at the same time, or a few months later another breast reconstruction surgery.

(Vii) postoperative recovery

Many patients can be discharged within a few days, it takes some patients to continue treatment in the hospital after surgery. The first 24 hours after surgery, pain and discomfort of oral analgesics can be alleviated.

Surgical procedure will be drainage tubes placed in the surgical field and to exclude patients for the collection of exudate. A drainage tube embedded in the wound, the skin separated from the other end, the connection to the drainage bag. Indwelling drainage bag is usually 10 days after surgery. Drainage area must be daily contact with the skin clean, emptying a drainage bag 2 days. Drainage bag at least 2 consecutive days without exudate, drainage tube can be removed, removal process does not require anesthetic. Drainage tubes were removed when the patient may feel tingling, but not a sustained pain.

Most of the modified radical with axillary lymph node dissection in patients with 3 to 4 weeks after resumption of normal activities. Drainage tube removed, the patient should be started only limb exercise, to ensure that the limb return to normal activity.

(H) reconstruction surgery

Taking into account the patient's appearance and psychological problems, can be implemented simultaneously in breast cancer surgery breast reconstruction surgery after breast cancer surgery at this time would avoid the local drainage and the resulting scar pain. Radical surgical incision can be healed in 6 months after the confirmation of local recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer is not the case, the implementation of breast shape reconstruction.