Common sense of breast cancer surgery

Preoperative preparation that needs to be done
Surgery has some risk, so the preoperative preparations, such as: ECG, B-, near-infrared, mammography films, X films, and liver and kidney function tests, urine, feces, blood and other tests, doctors according to the inspection of these treatment options for patients. Therefore, patients should not free to leave the ward after admission, so as not to affect the preoperative examination, delay treatment.
Why the preoperative skin preparation and skin test
Due to surgery from the concept of requirements must be sterile skin preparation, wound surgical wound of breast cancer greater preoperative range of skin to be shaved (mainly axillary), cleaner gasoline required umbilicus, and the bath and shear fingernails, for the operation and make full preparations for personal hygiene. If penicillin, procaine, etc. Patients with a history of drug allergy should be a doctor or a nurse made it clear, to prevent re-occurrence of allergy test done.
The significance of postoperative drainage device
Breast cancer in the ipsilateral breast and a drainage tube armpit of the home, why not? Because radical mastectomy of the axillary lymph node dissection, a large number of lymphatic vessels rupture, lymph fluid can accumulate in the skin, bleeding during surgery may also accumulate in the skin. Therefore, the drainage tube must be installed with continuous suction, thus continuously sucked out of the oozing fluid accumulation, the flap close the wound, is conducive to wound healing and prevent flap necrosis and infection. Therefore, to be fixed after the drainage tube drainage tube is often squeezed to prevent blood clots blocking the drainage tube compression, distortion, and so on. Supine, the turning of the range should not be too large to prevent the drainage tube slippage, maintain drainage tube patency.
Postoperative nutrition needs
Radical mastectomy, a large surgical wound, oozing fluid and more, and fluid consumption is also large, therefore, after due attention to diet, diet rich in digestible protein plus vitamins is appropriate, such as pigeons, cuttlefish, lean meat and a variety of vegetables, fruits, early resumption of the physical body to promote wound healing, and be able to tolerate adjuvant therapy.
* Chemotherapy for stage and need to pay attention to breast cancer side effects of chemotherapy drugs commonly used
As the tumor cells and normal cells lack a fundamental metabolic differences, all of the anti-cancer drugs will inevitably cause damage to normal tissue. The main response to chemotherapy of breast cancer are:
⑴ chemotherapy drugs affect the brain the stomach or vomiting center gives rise to nausea and vomiting.
⑵ doxorubicin in patients with drugs can cause hair loss, heart damage.
Suppress the bone marrow to produce red blood cells ⑶ chemotherapy's ability to make patients feel weakness, fatigue, dizziness or shortness of breath.
⑷ anticancer drugs affect the bone marrow to make white blood cells decreased, while all parts of the body could easily lead to infection, such as oral, skin, lung, intestine.
⑸ Some chemotherapy drugs cause diarrhea affects intestinal cells.
⑹ chemotherapy can be directly caused by constipation, which may reduce activity in patients after chemotherapy, diet caused by the irrational.
⑺ cyclophosphamide may stimulate the bladder cause dysuria, urgency, frequent urination, fever and other symptoms.
Because chemotherapy side effects, it should be more water during chemotherapy to reduce the drugs on kidney damage, the diet is appropriate to light easily digestible foods. As the reaction of the gastrointestinal tract in chemotherapy can listen to music or look at some art books, in order to reduce the fear of drugs and relax the brain to adjust the tension to ensure the smooth progress of chemotherapy.
The significance of postoperative limb functional training
Breast cancer surgery to be removed as pectoralis major muscle and nerve, arm lift surgery difficult, and because of axillary lymph node dissection, resulting in lymphatic flow obstruction, upper extremity edema, upper extremity function after exercise is so important. Exercise should be started early after surgery until after the formation of surgical scar, and then exercise less effective.
Limb functional training points:
⑴ activity 24 hours after the wrist;
⑵ after 1 to 2 days (extensor exercise, the simple act of fist);
⑶ after 2 to 3 days to practice elbow flexion wrist, forearm, elbow flexion and extension movements seat;
⑷ after 3 to 5 days, with the limb ipsilateral hand touch with the ear and shoulder;
⑸ 5 ~ 7 days, exercise shoulder lifting, jumping 90 degrees shoulder flexion;
⑹ 7 ~ 10 days, the exercise limb on the move, to "climb the wall" movement, after the daily increase in physical activity;
⑺ 10 days, to practice "rings" campaign several times a day.
Limb protection
Because lymph node dissection surgery, lymphatic rupture, the lymphatic flow obstruction, postoperative limb edema, if handled properly, easy to merge lymphangitis. Therefore, in peacetime should be noted: (1) is not in limb blood, intravenous; (2) the limb is not heavy lifting; (3) to avoid limb breakage and skin infections; (4) to avoid mosquito bites.

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